Introduction: Aconitum ferox wall is considered as one of the most poisonous plants in the world and well known for its toxicity. The Vatsanabha (Sanskrit terminology) is mentioned as Mahavisha (most toxic) in Ayurveda literature. The aim of our study was to evaluate and compare the toxic effects of a root of Vatsanabha (A. ferox) aqueous extract on hematological, cardiac, and serum biochemical parameters and histopathological changes in the heart. Methods: A. ferox crude powder was prepared from tuber root collected from three geographical location: Naradevi root, Sikkim root and Dolpa root and dosed in three groups Naradevi root dosing Group (NRG), Sikkim root dosing group, and Dolpa root dosing group (DRG), respectively. They were orally administered on Wistar albino rat for 28 consecutive days at doses of 1/5^th of the respective median lethal dose of dried crude powder per kg body weight in 20 ml of stock solution. Results: The results showed significant changes in serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, high-density lipoprotein in NRG, and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, cardiac parameters-creatinine kinase MB, lactate dehydrogenase in DRG. Marked pathological changes were perceived in the brain, heart, lungs, and jejunum tissue. Conclusion: The marketed sample shows multiple visceral toxicity and higher altitude sample has greater toxicity on brain and cardiac tissue. This study recommends creatine phosphokinase (CPK) isoenzyme testing: CPK-BB, CPK-MB, etc., on the heart and brain to assess the exact source of the damaged tissue.

Introduction: Snoring is a common sleep disorder, considered as a cardinal symptom of obstructive sleep apnea. The present study aims to explore and substantiate the clinical effect of hydrotherapy with Yogic Kriyas in individuals with snoring. Methods: Randomized control trial, where 60 patients aged 30–55 years were recruited and were randomly allocated into case and control groups. Subjects were assessed for systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), respiratory rate (RR), pulse rate (PR), epworth sleepiness scale, Berlin and Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaires, weight, body mass index (BMI), saturation of peripheral oxygen (SpO₂), and heart rate variability (HRV) before and after 10 days of intervention. Results: In case group, there was a significant increase in the values of SF-36 scoring (P = 0.0002), SPO₂ (P = 0.002), Berlin score (P = 0.0001) and a significant decrease in weight (P = 0.0001), BMI (P = 0.0001), Epworth questionnaire score (P = 0.0001), SBP (P = 0.0008), DBP (P = 0.0001), PR (P = 0.0001), and RR (P = 0.00) following the intervention. In time domain of HRV, there was significant reduction in mean heart rate (P = 0.0001). In frequency domain, a significant increase was observed in high frequency (HF) value (P = 0.043) and a significant reduction was observed in low frequency (LF) (P = 0.0001) and LF/HF Ratio (P = 0.0005). In control group, significant reduction was seen in weight, BMI (P = 0.0001), PR (P = 0.0001) and RR (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: Naturopathy intervention with Neutral throat pack, Neutral chest pack, Yogic Neti kriyas, Steam inhalation reduces sympathetic tone and shifts the sympathovagal balance in favor of parasympathetic dominance and claims that it can be effectively used in the management of snoring.

Introduction: To evaluate the effect of Swarnamrithaprashana on immunity (Bala) and general health status in children. Methods: The present study was a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled interventional prospective clinical trial wherein 221 healthy children within the age group of 6–12 years were enrolled from the schools of Hassan town. Registered children received one soft gel capsule in trial group – Swarnamrithaprashana (containing 2 mg of swarnabhasma) and in control group – sugar syrup, in morning empty stomach along with luke warm water for a duration of 30 days. Assessment of the effect of treatment was done by observing the changes seen in serum immunoglobulin G and salivary immunoglobulin A after 60 days of initiation of treatment as primary outcome parameter and changes in anthropometrical parameters, dehabala, agnibala, and manobala as secondary outcome measures. Renal function test (RFT) and liver function tests (LFTs) were done before and after treatment for assuring safety of the formulation. Results: The trial group showed better decrease in serum and salivary immunoglobulin levels, indicating a decrease in immunoglobulin recruitment in circulation, but the changes were not statistically significant at P = 0.05. The trial group showed better improvement in parameters suggesting Dehabala, Agnibala, and Manobala, which were statistically significant at P = 0.05. There were no significant changes seen in RFT and LFT values done before and after the treatment. Conclusion: Though the changes observed in the levels of immunoglobulins were not statistically significant in the present study setup, Swarnamrithaprashana helps in improving immunity at the level of immunoglobulins. Swarnamrithaprashana was found to be effective in the promotion of immunity in children reflected by improvements in parameters representing dehabala, manobala, and agnibala in children. The formulation was found to be safe as there were no signs of hepato and nephrotoxicity in RFT and LFT.

Introduction: Fistula in ano is one of the challenging diseases due to the lack of ideal treatment modalities and its high rate of recurrence. Fistulas with multiple openings are very difficult to manage considering the preservation of sphincter muscles. Modern science has developed many techniques in this area but mostly all were failures and resulted in complications like anal incontinence. Ksharasutra therapy is accepted worldwide as the ideal treatment modality of fistula in ano by its simultaneous cutting and healing property. Main Clinical Findings and Diagnosis: In this case, a 37 year old male patient presented with complaints of swelling over the right perianal area and intermittent pus discharge from that swelling for 1 year. On local examination, there were two external openings at 10 and 11'O clock position 4 cm away from the anal verge and a sentinel tag at 6'O clock position. Per rectal examination revealed induration and tenderness at 11'O clock above the dentate line. Intervention: It was managed by a new sphincter saving technique, modified conventional Ksharasutra therapy to fasten the recovery period and minimize the postsurgical pain. Conclusion: Fistula was completely healed by 5 weeks. No complications reported from the patient and no recurrence was happened after 6 months of follow up.

Introduction: Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) muscle is the muscles of anterior compartments of the forearm with the most frequent anatomical variations. Macalister reported the variations in FDP. The incidences of variation are observed mainly in the number of heads of proximal attachment, though the variation in the tendon of distal attachment is comparatively rare. Methods: A 48-year-old male formalin preserved cadaver, finely dissected at dissection hall. Results: Normally the FDP muscle insert with four tendons. In this present case, the origin of FDP muscle was normal, but its insertion was by five separate tendons variate musculo-tendon which was found arises from FDP muscle in the mid of the 2^nd and 3^rd tendon with its fibers again dividing and going with them. Macalister reported many variations regarding this muscle but this type of variation is less commonly found. Conclusion: This particular variation is important for a clinical perspective as this extra musculo tendon may cause entrapment syndrome of the median nerve and also for the surgeon to be careful while performing tenoplasty.

Introduction: As per Ayurveda, suppression or forceful creation of natural urges always results in diseases, including anorectal disorders such as piles, fistula, fissure, and other diseases. Bowel and bladder habits come under the umbrella of “Vegadharana,” i.e., suppression of natural urges. In the present scenario, maximum people suppress natural urges and indulge in erroneous lifestyle and suffer from a variety of disorders. Hence, a case–control survey study was conducted in healthy and patients suffering from anorectal disorders. Aim: The aim is to study the effect of bowel and bladder habits in anorectal disorders. Methodology: The study comprised 110 subjects suffering from anorectal disorders (study group) and 110 healthy subjects (control group). Detailed history was obtained using a specially designed questionnaire. The data collected was computed in MicroSoft Excel Sheet and analyzed using Chi-square test and interpreted accordingly with the help of the percentage. Results: Subjects in the study group suppressed defecation urge (Purisha Vegadharana) comparatively more (P < 0.0001). Maximum subjects in both groups (98.1% and 99.1%, respectively) had the evacuation of bowel within 1 hr of waking up. Further, maximum subjects had the habit of bowel evacuation after drinking water/tea/after breakfast, i.e., 64.5% and 60% in the study and control groups, respectively. A statistically significant number of subjects (45.5%) in the study group evacuated bowels 2–4 times in a day and 5.5% evacuated once in 2 days; it showed that subjects were constipated (P < 0.005). Maximum subjects in the study group had late waking-up and sleeping habits. The difference was statistically significant, with P = 0.04. Conclusion: Subjects with anorectal disorders (piles, fistula, and fissure) had the habit of suppression of defecation urge and also showed strong association between bowel and bladder habits and anorectal disorders. The waking-up and sleeping habits also showed statistically significant effect in causation of anorectal disorders.

Objective: To understand the concept of Paradi guna in Ayurveda and its utility in Chikitsa. Data Source: Charaka Samhita with Chakrapani commentary accessed from NIIMH website. Ashtanga Hridaya with Sarvangasundara commentary. Review Methods: Literary review mainly focused on description of each guna with its relevant examples from Charaka Samhita and Ashtanga Hridaya. Its utility in Chikitsa were explained with the examples from Panduroga chikitsa Adhyaya from Charaka Samhita Chikitsa sthana. Results: Acharya Charaka enumerated ten Paradi guna and Acharya Chakrapani explained each Guna with their clinical importance. Knowledge of ten qualities is essential while selecting the medicine, food, treatment procedure, etc., In each and every step of the treatment, Paradi guna is involved. Conclusion: Paradi guna plays an inevitable role in both diagnosis and treatment. It is an essential prerequisite to be identified by physician and pharmacist to accomplish the Chikitsa siddhi this literary review on Paradi guna helps to know the utility of Paradi guna in clinical practice.

Objective: The objective of the study is to appraise the contribution of ancient Indian mythological literature in Ayurveda science. Data Source: The information has been gathered from ancient Indian literature Garuda Purana, Ayurveda classical texts, and modern literature related to medicinal plants used in Ayurveda system of medicine. Review Methods: Garuda Purana, an ancient scripture written in Sanskrit language, contains some ethnobotanical information. Achara Kanda is the division which discuses many human diseases and their herbal treatments. Many medical topics have been discussed in Achara Kanda division of Garuda Purana which resemble those explained in Ayurvedic medicinal system. Results and Conclusion: Many medicinal plants are explained with their Ayurvedic medicinal values at various places in the Purana. After collecting and analysing the medicinal data, it is found that this scripture mentions 48 plant species that have been interestingly used till modern days to cure various human ailments. In the present study, 48 plant species belonging to 47 genera and 35 families are reported. Botanical names followed by family, local names, Sanskrit name, used plant parts, the method of preparation of drug, and mode of uses of the plants have been furnished in the enumeration.

Introduction: Wound is a universal clinical entity since the dawn of civilization, and human has always tried to overcome this problem. They are the core reason of disability and pose a big economic challenge to the humanity and nations. Wound healing is a complex biological process which starts just after the injury and ends with its healing. This healing process is influenced by many factors in diverse ways. A clinician managing the wounds should have detailed knowledge of these factors for successful wound management. This article reviews such variables under the headings: injury variables, patient variables, and treatment variables from ayurvedic and modern point of view. Discussion: An understanding of all these variables is vital for rational modification in the management strategies for successful wound healing. These factors require to be interpreted in the present-day modern scientific way for their proper understanding and acceptability and to apply them in the clinical practice. In modern system of medicine, a detailed description of variables influencing wound-healing process is available that simulates a great deal with those described in Ayurveda. However, still, there are certain principles that need to be verified scientifically to generate evidence. Conclusion: Ayurvedic principles stand true even in this highly advanced era of modern medical science. A clinician should have the detailed knowledge of these principles and should apply in the clinical practice.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is an auto immune disease affecting central nervous system and spinal cord with no definite cause and treatment. The physical disability and dependence on others cause mental agony, anxiety, and frustration. Objective: Sharing own experiences of spiritual healing in facing the disease and its consequences are the main objective of this study. Material and Methods: This is a self experience and self learning. Results and Conclusion: The spiritual healing had made life more liveable and fuller of confidence even in worst phases of the disease. There was more acceptability to the challenge with mind strengthening thereby resulting in dilution of emotions and anxiety. Persistent meditation, Pranayama, Yoga, and constant chanting of mantras (Hymns) build up a strength that ultimately connects.

Introduction: Rasapushpadi malahara is Rasa preparation described in Rasa tarangini, which is ndicated in some skin disorders such as Phirang, Vrana, and Vicharchika. Aims and Objectives: The objective is to prepare Rasapushpadi malahara as per the textual guidelines. Materials and Methods: Two samples of Rasa pushpa have been prepared by two methods, i.e., Kupipakva method and Damru yantra method. Both the samples were further used to prepare two samples of Rasapushpadi malahara by using Siktha taila as the base and the ratio of Siktha and Til taila being taken 1:5 according to the season. Observation and Results: The detailed pharmaceutical study and observation were documented. Conclusion: Rasapushpadi malahara prepared by both methods are useful further analytical study is required to conclude particle size, structure, etc., parameters.

Objective: Aesculus indica Linn. commonly known as Indian horse chestnut belongs to family hippocastanaceae. It is extensively used in folk medicine. The whole plant is proved to possess beneficial therapeutic activities like anti-tumour, anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant etc. However no approved marketed formulation of any of its active ingredients is available in any country of the world till date. There is also a subtle mention of its toxicity in some studies. Its uses can be exploited commercially in a better way if its active pharmaceutical ingredients are able to be separated from its toxic ingredients. Succinctly, the plant can be used commercially in future only when its toxicity is managed somehow. The review briefly summarizes its beneficial effects and the problem associated with it as a counterpart with a brief mention of on-going medicinal research on it. Data Source: The data is collected from different databases i.e. Science Direct, PubMed, Google and Google Scholar. Review Methods: Bibliographic investigation was carried out by analysing various research and review papers. Results and Conclusion: Aesculus indica can be used to develop variety of products with high nutritional and medicinal values. The compound Aescin (a triterpenoids saponin) has been isolated from this plant and i.e. used to prevent several ailments such as rheumatism, skin diseases, relieve headache and wound healing. It also contains some phytoconstituents which have high potency to be used in cosmetics.

Backgrounds: Migraine is a form of primary headache, manifested by the recurrent attacks of pulsating headache, mostly associated with nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and phonophobia, with or without an aura. Its onset is unilateral with varying intensity, frequency, and duration. It is the second-most common cause of headache disorder affecting about 12% of general population with 15% females and 6% males. The World Health Organization listed migraine as the 19^th disability cause worldwide. In the present scenario of high prevalence and limited treatment options, this study was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of a unani formulation named Habb-e-Quqaya, as a nervine tonic, brain tonic, stomachic, purgative, and its action in evacuating viscid morbid matter from the body in the management of migraine without aura. Methods: Thirty patients with migraine without aura were selected and administered with Habb-e-Quqaya 3 tablets weighing 500 mg each twice daily for 45 days. Subjective and objective parameters were assessed for each patient every 15 days. Data were analyzed statistically using the Student's t-test and paired proportion test. Results: Highly significant improvement (P < 0.001) was observed in all subjective and objective parameters. Conclusion: It was thus concluded that Habb-e-Quqaya can be a potential treatment for Shaqeeqa (Migraine without aura) with high efficacy and safety and without any side effects or toxicity during or after the trial. Hence, this study validates the use of Habb-e-Quqaya in Shaqeeqa (migraine without aura).