JOURNAL OF AYURVEDA

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Objective: Aesculus indica Linn. commonly known as Indian horse chestnut belongs to family hippocastanaceae. It is extensively used in folk medicine. The whole plant is proved to possess beneficial therapeutic activities like anti-tumour, anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant etc. However no approved marketed formulation of any of its active ingredients is available in any country of the world till date. There is also a subtle mention of its toxicity in some studies. Its uses can be exploited commercially in a better way if its active pharmaceutical ingredients are able to be separated from its toxic ingredients. Succinctly, the plant can be used commercially in future only when its toxicity is managed somehow. The review briefly summarizes its beneficial effects and the problem associated with it as a counterpart with a brief mention of on-going medicinal research on it. Data Source: The data is collected from different databases i.e. Science Direct, PubMed, Google and Google Scholar. Review Methods: Bibliographic investigation was carried out by analysing various research and review papers. Results and Conclusion: Aesculus indica can be used to develop variety of products with high nutritional and medicinal values. The compound Aescin (a triterpenoids saponin) has been isolated from this plant and i.e. used to prevent several ailments such as rheumatism, skin diseases, relieve headache and wound healing. It also contains some phytoconstituents which have high potency to be used in cosmetics.

Introduction: Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) muscle is the muscles of anterior compartments of the forearm with the most frequent anatomical variations. Macalister reported the variations in FDP. The incidences of variation are observed mainly in the number of heads of proximal attachment, though the variation in the tendon of distal attachment is comparatively rare. Methods: A 48-year-old male formalin preserved cadaver, finely dissected at dissection hall. Results: Normally the FDP muscle insert with four tendons. In this present case, the origin of FDP muscle was normal, but its insertion was by five separate tendons variate musculo-tendon which was found arises from FDP muscle in the mid of the 2^nd and 3^rd tendon with its fibers again dividing and going with them. Macalister reported many variations regarding this muscle but this type of variation is less commonly found. Conclusion: This particular variation is important for a clinical perspective as this extra musculo tendon may cause entrapment syndrome of the median nerve and also for the surgeon to be careful while performing tenoplasty.

Introduction: Aconitum ferox wall is considered as one of the most poisonous plants in the world and well known for its toxicity. The Vatsanabha (Sanskrit terminology) is mentioned as Mahavisha (most toxic) in Ayurveda literature. The aim of our study was to evaluate and compare the toxic effects of a root of Vatsanabha (A. ferox) aqueous extract on hematological, cardiac, and serum biochemical parameters and histopathological changes in the heart. Methods: A. ferox crude powder was prepared from tuber root collected from three geographical location: Naradevi root, Sikkim root and Dolpa root and dosed in three groups Naradevi root dosing Group (NRG), Sikkim root dosing group, and Dolpa root dosing group (DRG), respectively. They were orally administered on Wistar albino rat for 28 consecutive days at doses of 1/5^th of the respective median lethal dose of dried crude powder per kg body weight in 20 ml of stock solution. Results: The results showed significant changes in serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, high-density lipoprotein in NRG, and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, cardiac parameters-creatinine kinase MB, lactate dehydrogenase in DRG. Marked pathological changes were perceived in the brain, heart, lungs, and jejunum tissue. Conclusion: The marketed sample shows multiple visceral toxicity and higher altitude sample has greater toxicity on brain and cardiac tissue. This study recommends creatine phosphokinase (CPK) isoenzyme testing: CPK-BB, CPK-MB, etc., on the heart and brain to assess the exact source of the damaged tissue.

Online since 8^th July 2020