Introduction: Renal cysts are detected more easily in elderly people due to the widespread use of abdominal computed tomography (CT), abdominal ultrasonography (USG), and magnetic resonance imaging. The importance of renal cysts arises from their augmented detection in elderly populations with the pervasive use of CT and abdominal USG. In Ayurveda, renal cyst has been interpreted with the name of Granthi where Vata-Kapha dominant Tridosha is involved. Very less scientific data is available depicting the effect of Ayurvedic intervention in such cases. Main Clinical Finding: A confirmed case of renal cyst of size 15 mm × 16 mm was seen in the lower calyx of the left kidney, a calculus of size 2.3 mm with mild upper hydroureteronephrosis, increased parenchymal echogenicity suggestive of Grade 1 fatty liver and gallbladder is distended with multiple hyperechogenic foci suggestive of calculus largest measuring of 13mm. Diagnosis: The patient was a diagnosed case of a renal cyst of size 15 mm × 16 mm in the lower calyx of the left kidney with a calculus of size 2.3 mm with mild upper hydroureteronephrosis with Grade 1 fatty liver and calculus largest measuring of 13 mm in the gallbladder based on USG findings. Interventions: The patient was treated with Ayurvedic medicines such as Chandraprabha Vati, Kanchnara Guggulu, Lavan Bhaskara Churna, Samsamani Vati, Kumaryasava, and Gokshuradi Guggulu. Outcome: Complete remission of the renal cyst with calculi along with Grade 1 fatty liver was observed after 6 months of treatment. Conclusion: This case study demonstrates the potential and usefulness of Ayurveda in the management of renal cysts.

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Objective: The Ayurvedic principle of Pittadhara kala sahayo majjadhara kala (PDK-MDK) was propogated by Acharya Dalhan's commentary of Sushruta Samhita. Modern scientists agree on the existence of gut microbiota (GM) and their influence on the nervous system but have not explored it in light of PDK-MDK even though the later has formed the backbone of Ayurveda practice for over a millenia. This makes it imperative to not only extensively research PDK-MDK better but also to promote its evidence-based utilization in clinical practice. Data Source: Detailed review on Ayurveda literature (Bruhatrayi, Laghutarayi) and evidence-based resources (journals, dissertations, and gray literature) was performed. Review Methods: The keywords like pitta, jatharagni, pittadharakala, majja, majjadharakala, GM, gut brain microbiota axis, neurological disorder, Alzheimer, Parkinson were searched for our study. Result: This study reveals that the bidirectional, mutualistic relationship between Pittadhara kala and Majjadhara Kala is similar to the interdependency exhibit by the GM and Brain. Neurophyschiatric conditions (depression, anxiety, autistic spectrum disorder) found to be correlated with altered GM similar to conditions such as unmaad, apsmaar and pittadhara kala dysfunction due to low-quality food. Neurodegenerative conditions (Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease) correlate with the dysfunctional autonomic and enteric nervous system, whereas the Ayurveda concept of Medhya Rasayan that needs to pass through Jatharagni suggests relation between grahani and majjadhatu. Conclusion: While PDK can broadly be linked to small and large microflora and the bile acid and substrate interactions there in, extensive collaborative research is needed to confirm this fundamentally.

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Introduction: Many pharmacological actions have been mentioned in Ayurveda literature. However, there is no equality in understanding of these actions because of different commentator's view, so this study has been planned to reevaluate one such type of pharmacological action, shonita sthapana by an experimental method by seeing the effect of yashtimadhu on various blood parameters and coagulation profile in normal albino Wistar rats and Swiss albino mice. Methods: This study was conducted in two parts. The first experiment was done to evaluate the effect of madhuka on 18 normal albino Wistar rats by dividing three groups of 6 rats and giving carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) solution, 360 mg/kg madhuka powder, and 180 mg/kg madhuka powder, respectively. The second experiment was done to evaluate the effect of madhuka in 18 swiss albino mice by dividing them in three groups of 6 mice and giving CMC solution, 360 mg/kg madhuka powder and 180 mg/kg madhuka powder, respectively, for 23 days and aspirin at 600 mg/kg b.w. for last 7 days along with vehicle and drug. Different hematology analysis and coagulation profile were evaluated. Results: There is no any significant result was found for any parameter in the experiment. Conclusion: Yashtimadhu is not having any effect on blood parameters and coagulation profile in present experimental model.

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Introduction: The skin is a protective coat between the body and surrounding environment. Eczema accounts for a large proportion of skin diseases. Most of the clinical features of Vicharchika can be correlated to the clinical features of Eczema. Basti is useful in the treatment of Vata, Pitta, and Kapha doshas and even in derangement of rakta dhatu. It is a type of shodhana, in which vitiated doshas are expelled through Adhomarga, including various skin disorders because of its capacity to act over all the three doshas and plays a important role to purify the blood. As per classics, dosha utkleshana is mainly by snehana and swedana but Acharya Sushruta opines-Utkleshana of dosha's via basti. Acharya Sushruta opines basti as superior to all other therapeutic measures on account of its various action like Samshodana, Samshamana, Samgrahana, Utkleshana, etc., Hence, this study of Basti in Vicharchika may be helpful to overcome all the negative aspects of difficulty during Snehpana prior to Vaman and Virechan. Objective: To clinically evaluate the effectiveness of Basti given in the sequence of Utkleshana, Doshahara, Samshamana in kala Basti schedule in Vicharchika w. s. r. to Eczema. Methods: Thirty subjects diagnosed with Vicharchika were selected. They were administered with Niruha basti as Utkleshan, Doshahara and Samshaman basti for 2–2 days each and Anuvasana basti with Marichadi taila with 80 ml daily in Kala schedule for 9 days and assessed after 18 days of follow-up. Results: Treatment was found to be statistically significant in attaining encouraging results (P < 0.05) with respect to subjective and objective parameters during the course of basti. Conclusion: Utkleshan, Doshahara, and Samshamana basti administered in sequence is effective and useful in the management of Vicharchika (Eczema).

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Objective: COVID-19 has challenged the healthcare systems of the world and was declared as public health emergency of international concern. With more than 55 million cases of COVID-19 and 1,355,769 deaths globally, the world is still searching for cure. In the absence of any definite treatment, the practices of prevention have occupied the central role, with governments across the globe promoting the same. In the context of this global catastrophe, an ancient Indian practice of Agnihotra yagya (fire ablations) is being presented here with the scientific evidences to explore the possibility before the world for its repurposing for prevention and management of epidemics as COVID-19. Data Source: Databases of Google Scholar and PubMed were searched with the keywords anti-microbial effects and their different combinations and permutations along with hand search, benefits, of Agnihotra, research, Yagya. Review Methods: Relevant articles were downloaded and stored in a folder. Then, they were screened for their relevance after reading, and finally, 70 articles were included in the study, bringing the scientific aspects in a systematic manner to put forward the scientific aspects. Results and Conclusion: The existing evidence support the anti-microbial, healing, energizing effects along with beneficial effects on the comorbidities of patients, thus decreasing the percentage and intensity of morbidity and mortality rates of diseases. With the above observations, Agnihotra Yagya may be researched more extensively, bringing out more evidences for the real utilization of this practice in the fight against COVID 19.

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Introduction: It is estimated that hypertension (HTN) increases the risk at least twofold for cardiovascular diseases including coronary artery diseases, congestive heart failure/stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic), renal failure, and peripheral arterial disease. In wide consensus, HTN is considered Vyanabala Vaishamya by recent Ayurvedic scholars. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of an Ayurvedic formulation and Nidana Parivarjana in the management of Vyanabala Vaishamya with special reference to Stage 1 primary HTN as per 8^th JNC criteria. Methods: The present study was a randomized, interventional, two-arm, open-level, 30-day clinical trial on Vyanabala Vaishamya (primary HTN). Twenty-five patients in Group A were administered Ayurvedic formulation and 25 patients in Group B were administered Ayurvedic formulation along with Nidana Parivarjana (avoidance of causative factors) decided as per Ayurveda principles. Results: Ayurvedic formulation alone lowered systolic blood pressure (BP) mean from 150.087 (standard deviation [SD] ± 6.331) to 142.478 (SD ± 6.842) and diastolic BP mean from 93.609 (SD ± 3.539) to 89.522 (SD ± 3.566), while Ayurvedic formulation with Nidana Parivarjana lowered systolic BP mean from 151.000 (SD ± 5.800) to 136.174 (SD ± 5.449) and diastolic BP mean from 93.652 (SD ± 3.406) to 85.435 (SD ± 3.678). Although the reductions in BPs of both the groups were statistically highly significantly (P < 0.001), Ayurvedic formulation with Nidana Parivarjana was more effective in lowering the BPs than Ayurvedic formulation alone as found on intergroup comparison (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Ayurvedic formulation with Nidana Parivarjana was more effective in primary HTN than Ayurvedic formulation alone. It also proved that Nidana Parivarjana has a significant role in the management of Vyanabala Vaishamya, i.e., primary HTN.

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Introduction: Blogging is becoming a very popular new mode of knowledge dispersal. Ayurveda blogs are becoming pervasive, but there are no standards set to check the quality of the blogs. Moreover, no study was done to check for the quality of the Ayurveda blogs. Methods: This study was conducted to assess the quality of Ayurveda blogs using modified Delphi consensus recommendations such as identity and qualifications of author, distinction between facts and opinions, advertisements and content, accuracy, citations, and consistency with citations. Forty Ayurveda blogs having more than 20000 social media followers were selected for the study. Results: Only 62.5% of the blogs had author's names and 37.5% of the blogs had disclosed author's qualifications. Only 5 blogs (16.66%) had cited references and 12 blogs (40%) had no clear distinctions between advertisement and content. About 90% of the blogs did not list the conflict of interest. Conclusion: Blogs for marketing the products, ghost writing, and opinionated blogging are eclipsing the genuineness of Ayurveda. Ayurblogs have lots of opportunities and hence, need to be monitored. There should be a blogging code for Ayurveda blogs. Unethical blogging should be made a punishable offense.

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Introduction: This case demonstrates the therapeutic possibilities of the Ayurvedic mode of management in Juvenile diabetes where predictable treatment was incapable to withstand the desired dose and effects. Main Clinical Findings: A 25-year-old male patient suffering from uncontrolled sugar levels for 2 years and mild low backache for 8 years. Diagnosis: Prediagnosed case of Juvenile diabetes, taking substantial dose (84 units/day) of two different types of insulin injections. Intervention: After appropriate analysis of the patient based on Ayurvedic parameters, the patient was treated with a combination of panchakarma and shamana therapies along with his existing allopathic intervention. Lifestyle modifications and diet changes were also advised. Outcome: There was a reduction of 40 units of insulin dosage, which was assessed by the glucometer-guided random blood sugar at the time of discharge. Conclusions: Adaptation of Ayurvedic intervention can augment the treatment for Juvenile diabetes.

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Introduction: With increasing diabetic poppulation, diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are also rising parallelly. Limb salvaging methods and lifesaving methods have been focused on getting rid of it till date. Main Clinical Findings: This case refers to a wonder drug Thumari and its role in enhancing wound healing in a case of DFU of a 68-year-old female. Outcome and Conclusion: Complete wound healing was achieved in 60 days with unit healing time of 12.79 days/cm³. Local cleaning by Triphala Kwatha has shown antimicrobial effects which augmented the healing process, while Thumari Taila application enhanced tissue debridement. Internal Ayurveda medications such as Pippali (Piper longum Linn.), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Linn.), and Sanjivani Vati (polyherbomineral medication) with Pathya-Apathya (prescribed diet and regimen) pacified vitiated Kapha-Vata Pradhana Tridosha and enhanced tissue rejuvenation and repair by their pharmacological properties.

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Introduction: Shatavari is indeed a highly rejuvenating herb for both males and females, a revitalizing tonic for most of the problems related to hormonal changes and reproductive system and is a commonly used nutraceutical. Macro and micro elemental concentration of the Ayurvedic medicinal plant, Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus), is investigated for the first time in detail, using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) technique and Ion Chromatography with Conductometric Detector (IC-CD). Methods: In the present study, root powders have been analyzed directly by EDXRF, and extracted root samples have been analyzed by IC-CD. The data of standard plant sample has been compared with ten other market samples. Results: The EDXRF results have been given for 20 elements in percentage composition for K, Ca, P, Si, S, Fe, Zn, Mn, Ti, Cu, Ba, Sr, Ni, V, Cr, Os, Ho, Br, Ge, and Rb whereas IC-CD results have been given in ppm level for six essential elements for Li, K, NH₄⁺, Ca, and Na. Discussion: It has been found from the results that there are many essential elements that were absent in some of the commercial samples. Some samples reported very low concentration of one or the other elements that are crucial for its role in human body owing to which the nutraceutical is consumed. Conclusion: The results revealed a significant difference between the standard and the sample drug by both the methods suggesting that there is indiscriminate use of exhausted and adulterated drug in commercially available nutraceuticals. Furthermore, there is a crucial need to standardize such drugs before it reaches consumers.

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Objective: Corona virus has appeared after 100 years of the influenza pandemic and is causing more devastation in terms of physical, mental, and economical losses. It is evident from the previous experiences that a disease in the convalescent stage is more agonizing and more damaging. Data Source: Systematic review of the readily accessible, peer-reviewed full clinical trials and survey studies published on coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) from December 31, 2019 to May 1, 2020. Review Methods: The protocol was developed using the PRISMA statement. Review of conditions that can appear and their treatment. The review is based on the main symptom that appeared in the patient and it's possible after effect in the convalescence stage. Results: The first part of this article, i.e., systematic study showed that symptoms in COVID-19 range from mild to severe and the involvement of many vital organs. The second part is a review study to provide Ayurvedic solutions for the protection and management of involved organs and organ systems. Conclusion: Here, special emphasis is given to the protection of Marmas, i.e., Hridaya (heart and cardiovascular system), Basti (bladder and kidneys), and Shiras (brain including nervous system), and other vital organs and organ systems. The use of Ayurvedic medicines as mentioned in classics such as Sthiradi Panchamula, Bilvadi Panchamula Siddha Yavagu etc should be given as per the condition and body constitution. Whole some diet that enhance Agni and protect liver and strengthen respiratory and cardiovascular system should be given.

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Introduction: With the advancements in the area of science and technology, today's people are living sedentary life style which emerges as a cause for life-threatening metabolic disorders such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and dyslipidemia. These metabolic diseases are the consequence of various etiological factors such as excessive food intake, day sleep, sedentary life style, excessive happy state of mind, and hereditary involvements. These metabolic disorders can be correlated with Medoroga, the diseases of Medovaha Srotasa in Ayurveda. Abnormal accumulation of Meda Dhatu in the body is known as Medodushti which includes several numbers of other Medovikara, collectively known as Medoroga. Methods: A Nidanatmaka survey was done among 500 subjects of Medoroga visiting outpatient and inpatient department of institute from January 2018 to March 2019. A structured questionnaire was given to each patient to collect data on sociodemographic profile, Ahara-satmya (dietary pattern), Vihara, and other Ayurvediya variables. Results: Maximum subjects of Medoroga were of age group 18–30 years (45.4%), male (67.6%), Hindu (88.6%), married (66.8%), graduates (69.8%), and belonged to upper middle class (74.6%) and Jangala Desha (95.8%). 57.2% subjects were vegetarians and gave the history of Akalabhojana (33.6%). Among total 500 subjects, 50.8% had Mandagni and were taking Madhura dominant Rasa in diet (49.6%). Nearly 56.8% of subjects were following sedentary lifestyle. It was also found that maximum subjects had body mass index in between 25 and 27.9 kg/m² (36.4%) and waist/hip ratio in between 0.96 and 1.05 (95.2%). Conclusions: In the study, it was found that the person indulged in Ati-bhojana Sevana, Ati-gurvadi Sevana, Ati-madhura, Ati-sheeta-snigdhadi Ahara, and excessive intake of junk food, beverages like tea/coffee are more susceptible to Medoroga. Vihara such as Asyasukha, Avyayama, Diva-svapna, Achinta, and Nitya-harsha were also proved to be etiological factors of Medoroga.

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Introduction: Therapeutic efficacy of Bhasma gets altered and its therapeutic arena increases with increase in the number of Puta, simultaneously increase in the number of Puta increase cost, time for manufacture. Classical texts favor sensory analysis for inprocess as well as product standard, especially for Bhasma dosage forms. The present study was carried out to develop quality control technique for the discernment of Abhraka Bhasma samples during the subsequent stages of Marana (comparison between 10, 20, 40, and 60 Puti Abhraka Bhasma) on the basis of color and touch feel through the discriminative method. Methods: Among the available sensory methods, two alternative forced choice methods were adopted. Result: The results were analyzed using the receiver operating characteristics curve, area under curve (AUC) and d-prime (d') with the help of the sensR package at R-studio ver. 1.0.143. The sample was positively marked with a P < 0.001 and an AUC of 0.866 in color and touch of 0.566, 0.600, 0.533, and 0.899. Conclusion: The critical investigation technique well differentiated against Abhraka Bhasma samples and thus could aid as economical quality control device.

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